zigzagzigal civ 6. The Gauls' civilization ability is Hallstatt. zigzagzigal civ 6

 
 The Gauls' civilization ability is Hallstattzigzagzigal civ 6  My big issue is deciding whether to attack early or not

Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. Potato’s the GOAT. The one notable problem is a general thing - the loyalty mechanic has made it hard to hang onto captured coastal cities, limiting the UU's effectiveness. By Zigzagzigal. I have learnt a lot about non-fiction writing, and here's my little guide to writing guides:. Rise and Fall Expansion. If a civilization is not listed as having a start bias there, it does not. Find out the best strategies and counter-strategies for each civ, from Vietnam to Scotland, based on his experience and research. You get a spawn near jungle, desert, or tundra game is over. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. xml file (find the Civ 6 folder in Steam's program files, then go through the Base, Assets, Gameplay and Data folders to find the file). Ambiorix was the co-ruler of the Eburone tribe of Gaul in what would become modern-day Belgium. Kongo forgoes most of the religious game in order to become a tall-building cultural behemoth. However, unlike Pantheons, they work only in the cities which currently. This is useful if you want to make use of districts that gain adjacency bonuses from other districts, or to maximise the potential of area-of-effect bonuses later. Thank you so much for all the info! I've been following your advice in my next play through and I've been. The fifth wave of the Civilization 6 Leader Pass is here at last, and players can now try this new leader of the Byzantine empire. It can give Hungary an edge towards a culture victory if the city also includes a geothermal fissure. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. DLC and Expansion civs have a similarly-named file in their. This is useful if you want to make use of districts that gain adjacency bonuses from other districts, or to maximise the potential of area-of-effect bonuses later. 2. 71 ratings. They are led by Hojo Tokimune, under whom their default colors are white and dark red; and Tokugawa, under whom their default colors are reversed. 42 ratings. Egypt's civ ability is certainly the core of the civ and the unique you should be mainly building strategies around, but you have to remember not to be carried away with wonder construction. Zigzagzigal's Guides - Australia (Vanilla) By Zigzagzigal. Trouble is, the civ's design was balanced around a strong civ ability and a weak leader ability. It keeps things fresh an interesting, and I usually end up learning new things about. Rise and Fall Expansion. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. . In Civ 6, Sumeria, the Aztecs and Nubia are among the best for an immediate early rush. Sid Meier's Civilization VI > Guides > Zigzagzigal's Guides. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. With corps thay are stronger than regular corps and coming much earlier, they have one of the most deadly medieval attacks in the whole game. Poland is a unusual civ because it's designed for early warfare that transitions into peaceful play more easily later in the game. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. They are available with the Poland Civilization & Scenario Pack, which was released on December 20, 2016. . Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. Cultural: 6/10 Diplomatic: 6/10 Domination: 9/10 Scientific: 7/10 The Iroquois are great at building up large armies and going for conquest. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. . Byzantium can play for both religious victory and conquest victory at the same time. . I'm surprised you didn't mention anything about tourism. You may discover a way of utilising the Civ more effectively in unconventional ways. Sid Meier's Civilization VI > Guides > Zigzagzigal's Guides. Complete information on start biases within the game can be found in the Civilizations. With 2 range, Galleys can shield the Dromon while it. 5 Housing. Expansion is still important - more cities means more faith, GWAM points and more spots for building wonders. Sid Meier's Civilization V > Guides > Zigzagzigal's Guides. I would suggest looking at Zigzagzigal's Civ 6 Guides. Between Civ 6's announcement and its release, the civs that would be featured in the base game were introduced - generally on a weekly basis - in a series of First Look videos. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. And I was right! Babylon is the newest civ in the New Frontier pass, and it just seems to be getting stronger and. Their. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. It's also a hard civ to place balance-wise. If a civilization is not listed as having a start bias there. Jul 19, 2018 #8. 28. Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, best remembered for leading the Union to victory in the American Civil War and afterwards abolishing slavery in the United States, before being assassinated by a Confederate sympathizer. His legendary life has been passed down for centuries by generations of Mandinka griots in the epic oral poem, the Epic of Sundiata. Zigzagzigal's Guide to Russia (BNW) by Zigzagzigal. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. A few are a bit more intricate. Other such civs that are extremely likely to return based on past precedents include Babylon, Byzantium, Carthage, Ethiopia, Inca, Mayans and the Ottomans. You can also pick civs with agendas that are easy to please if you want a mostly peaceful game. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. xml file (find the Civ 6 folder in Steam's program files, then go through the Base, Assets, Gameplay and Data folders to find the file). . 1810 – c. alphaginga Jul 17, 2021 @. As a good hypothetical example, imagine the game has just begun, and it takes 10 turns for both China and a competing civ to unlock Sailing. Rise and Fall Expansion. This is useful if you want to make use of districts that gain adjacency bonuses from other districts, or to maximise the potential of area-of-effect bonuses later. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. You get a spawn near jungle, desert, or tundra game is over. Removed Nightmare Zone from Yanille and added dock in accordance with the map Acheron: The Frozen Isle. 1. I like this in the game. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. In Civ VI, however, a single landmass can be divided up into multiple continents, and a single continent might encompass multiple landmasses. Nothing screams to me "Greek inspired" Egypt at least. Theo can then turtle up. Sid Meier's Civilization VI > Guides > Zigzagzigal's Guides. May 12, 2020. Zigzagzigal's Guides - Ethiopia (GS) + Australia + Germany + Indonesia + Kongo + Scotland + Spain. CA (Civ Ability) - The unique ability of a civilization, shared by all its leaders. " Jayavarman VII (c. Poland is a nation that is focused mostly on expansion and religion victory. No Lawyer unit, though - mercifully. Zigzagzigal's Guides - Civ Summaries (R&F). It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. Here, I detail Japanese strategies and counter-strategies. The image above shows Civ 6's technology tree in a whole new format - sorted not by technology prerequisites but by eurekas. With it, Breathtaking Mbanzas are worth 6 food, 5 gold and 2 production each. •. ; The Victory Skew section describes to what extent the civ (and its individual leaders where. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. DLC and Expansion civs have a similarly-named file in their. They are led by Gilgamesh, under whom their default colors are dark blue and orange. When playing as Poland, you will want to start your own religion and use the other bonuses to strengthen your position. I know that Voidsingers & Owls are by far the best societies, and in most cases any civ should choose them, but I've tried to distribute it a little more evenly. If you can stack St. I prefer to play random, and I will usually read the guides while I am figuring out how to play my civ. Cultural: 7/10 Diplomatic: 9/10 Domination: 8/10 Scientific: 7/10 Having two UUs but also a bonus to Great Person generation means Sweden can push for any. Conclusion. Complete information on start biases within the game can be found in the Civilizations. Introduction. Compact empires - Civs with cities close together (typically 3-4 tile gaps between city centres). 4K subscribers Subscribe 8 views 2 minutes ago In. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. Go wide and build up infra and trade. Three speciality districts with just a population of 6. After nearly five years and 500,000 words (about two-thirds more than Civ 5), my guides for Civ 6 are done! Vietnam Train a Scout at the start of the game, and explore with it for the Ranger promotion, allowing it to zoom through woods and rainforest with ease. For China, chasing up boosts becomes even more important. This victory type gives every civ incentive to let their unique unit shine. 1217 – c. I’ve been fantasizing about assembling a textbook-style Civ 6 companion. Zigzagzigal's Guide to Denmark (BNW) By Zigzagzigal. Try focusing to get up to political philosophy earlier and get an early war going. Back to Leaders (Civ6) "It is important to leave a better land for our descendants. My ranking is as follows: 27. Zigzagzigal's Guides - Zulus (R&F) By Zigzagzigal. Trivia []. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. Sid Meier's Civilization VI > Guides > Zigzagzigal's Guides. Rise and Fall Expansion. Award. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. +6 combat bonus with units that get +1 move and mounted archers is super powerful. As Military Tactics is no longer a dead-end technology, the main Zulu. 140 ratings. The Ottomans' civilization ability is Great Turkish Bombard, which allows them to. xml file (find the Civ 6 folder in Steam's program files, then go through the Base, Assets, Gameplay and Data folders to find the file). Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. Unifier Qin is best on Immortal/Deity difficulty (details in comments) Due to the way Barbarians spawn, Unifier Qin's leader ability actually becomes strongest on Immortal and Deity difficulties compared to lower ones. Alexander's Hetaroi said: Not really feeling this persona. In the meantime, buy a bunch of Missionaries and/or Apostles. Civ 6 generally is more restrained with start biases relative to Civ 5. CA (Civ Ability) - The unique ability of a civilization, shared by all its leaders. India 5 is what China 6 is right now --- well-defended with a Cultural focus. Compact empires - Civs with cities close together (typically 3-4 tile gaps between city centres). Gaul overwhelms enemies with sheer. Ramses II's release in Civilization VI marks the fifth time he has led Egypt in the Civilization franchise. The mission? To play a game where all we str. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. 170 ratings. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. Hammurabi (c. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. Nov 19, 2020. Rise and Fall Expansion. New Frontier content packs. Civ BE AI: The human always landing first is a major human cheat!The Dutch in Civ 6 are reasonably balanced. Rise and Fall Expansion. While the core mechanic of Mamluks (a Knight that can heal every turn) hasn't changed, patches and expansions have had the net effect of leaving Mamluks. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. The Phoenician colours reference their lucrative. Barbarian raids consist of 2 units in Settler. ThinkingNut has been playing almost exclusively as China in Civ 6 since the release of the game in late 2016. It. Rise and Fall Expansion. Cultural: 8/10 Diplomatic: 7/10 Domination: 8/10 Scientific: 6/10 The way Byzantium works, you should let the first few turns determine the best victory route. They are available with the Nubia Civilization & Scenario Pack, which was released on July 27, 2017. China needs only 5 turns to get the technology now, while the competing civ needs 6. Rise and Fall Expansion. Rise and Fall Expansion. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. Balance/Design Discussion. A military civilization that doesn't need the tech edge. Nov 7, 2023. This is actually insane but I see a lot of people having difficulty putting it to use so I thought I’d share a my strategy that worked for me on Deity Difficulty. The exploration advantages of the Cree don't stop with Okihtcitaw. DLC and Expansion civs have a similarly-named file in their. In areas where your own religion is in competition with another Civ, you can get 6 faith or more generated per turn from just one building. No other Civ plays like Venice. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. Play this if you don't want a curbstomp by turn 100. Sid Meier's Civilization VI > Guides > Zigzagzigal's Guides. The Netherlands is a flexible and productive civ that benefits from rivers, lakes and seas alike and can cheaply defend against flooding. The mission? To play a game where we exp. For reference, here is a short section on Appeal, taken from my Australia breakdown. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. Cultural: 8/10 Diplomatic: 6/10 Domination: 6/10 Scientific: 5/10 The Celts use the momentum of a good early game to help propel them to victory. 28 ratings. They are led by Wilhelmina, under whom their default colors are orange and blue. The open air theater gives a +10 culture/ +10 tourism in every city as long as you settle a city on each of the types of terrain. Malón Raider” title=”Sid Meier’s Civilization VI Zigzagzigal’s Guides – Mapuche (GS) – Unique Unit: Malón Raider” alt=”Sid Meier’s. Introduction. India in Civilization V was a tall civilization that pursued Cultural victories. Complete information on start biases within the game can be found in the Civilizations. You may discover a way of utilising the Civ more effectively in unconventional ways. SBFms. . Science is clearly your best option. For those that replace generic things (Unique Units, Buildings and Districts) only the differences between the unique unit and the generic one are listed. We would have good strategies and tips and wouldn't need to read "This Civ sucks". If a civilization is not listed as having a start bias there, it does not have. Hungary's civ ability only affects tiles that are adjacent to the city centre but on the other side of a river, and as Encampments cannot be next to the city centre, they can't gain from Hungary's civ ability. This is useful if you want to make use of districts that gain adjacency bonuses from other districts, or to maximise the potential of area-of-effect bonuses later. Civilization 6 has released a new leader pass with Ramses coming to civ 6. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. Rise and Fall Expansion. DLC and Expansion civs have a similarly-named file in their. The Hungarians' civilization ability is Pearl of the Danube, which provides a 50% Production bonus when constructing District and. Similarly to Pantheons, they take the form of gameplay bonuses and can increase yields of particular gameplay elements (buildings, districts, etc. Zigzagzigal's Guide to Austria (BNW) By Zigzagzigal. Zigzagzigal's Guides - Norway (Vanilla) By Zigzagzigal. You may discover a way of utilising the Civ more effectively in unconventional ways. Complete information on start biases within the game can be found in the Civilizations. Civ V AI: Early National College and Academies are human cheats I wish they'd remove from the game. ; Before the. With R&F closing in on us, I thought it might be fun to see how the dust has settled in vanilla Civ VI with all the patches, new Civs, buffs and nerfs, and just general development of how we understand the game, and determine the pecking order in overall Civ strength. This is useful if you want to make use of districts that gain adjacency bonuses from other districts, or to maximise the potential of area-of-effect bonuses later. Award. Compact empires - Civs with cities close together (typically 3-4 tile gaps between city centres). 1122 – 1 April 1204) was duchess of Aquitaine, queen consort of both France and England, and queen mother of the latter twice, and is widely considered to have been one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in Medieval Europe. In this game of Civ 6, we’ll be playing Brazil in our latest Civilization VI A to Z challenge. You get +2 immediately from unlocking Shipbuilding. It gives tiles with Breathtaking Appeal +2 Science when adjacent to a Natural Wonder or Mountain, and +2 Culture when adjacent to a Wonder or Woods. but he places way too much importance on a civ's unique aspects, even if theyre basically worthless, like in his civ 5 sweden guide he had this huge section on caroleans when really caroleans arent that much better than just generic. Learn how to get more out of your favourite civ or discover new reasons to play other civs with Zigzagzigal's guides for Sid Meier's Civilization VI. The thing about domination, esp RELIGIOUS domination. Civilization 6 is a massive game with dozens upon dozens of unique factions the player can control. Complete information on start biases within the game can be found in the Civilizations. 2. It also grants +1 Food for each adjacent Mountain, +2 Production for each adjacent Aqueduct, and +1 Production for each adjacent Fresh. Furthermore, it is written with the assumption you have all Civ 6 content released prior to the Leaders Pass: Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. When a Barbarian Scout gets back to its outpost, it will spawn a Barbarian Raid . Back to Civilizations (Civ6) The Dutch people represent a civilization in Civilization VI: Rise and Fall. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. But for the most part, they all follow a standard script -- take the basic victory conditions and each leader gets a little boost to help them aim for one or two of the goals. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. Related: Civilization 6: Tips For Playing As Julius Caesar. SUBSCRIBE for First Looks at other civilizations, leaders, features and tip. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. Rome is a civ that matures quickly - the civ ability, Trajan's ability, the early-arriving Roman Fort and the Bath UD all help Rome to achieve things that would take longer for most. 392 ratings. xml file (find the Civ 6 folder in Steam's program files, then go through the Base, Assets, Gameplay and Data folders to find the file). The Incans can grow cities taller than anyone else, and a mountainous focus can give them a very strong science output. Complete information on start biases within the game can be found in the Civilizations. Kudos to you. 28 ratings. Complete information on start biases within the game can be found in the Civilizations. Cultural: 7/10 Diplomatic: 8/10 Domination: 10/10 Scientific: 6/10 Persia's UA is amazing for warmongering, and both their UU and UB also really help there. This does not stack with the Disciples promotion for Warrior Monks. I already have a disdain for Eleanor, I think she is a terribly designed leader, as. Zigzagzigal's Guides - Greece (R&F) By Zigzagzigal. Sid Meier's Civilization V > Guides > Zigzagzigal's Guides. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. Sweden is a great cultural civilization. Then Japan is all about the adjacency bonusses. Kongo forgoes most of the religious game in order to become a tall-building cultural behemoth. CA (Civ Ability) - The unique ability of a civilization, shared by all its leaders. You may discover a way of utilising the Civ more effectively in unconventional ways. They are led by Pericles, under whom their colors are light blue and white; and Gorgo, under whom their colors are dark red and light blue. The removal of Oligarchy stacking has lessened the potential of Impi somewhat. The Age of Steam has begun! 🚂Queen Victoria joins the 𝐑𝐔𝐋𝐄𝐑𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐄𝐍𝐆𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃, the sixth and final pack from Civilization VI: Leader Pass, on March. Inspired by the mechanics of Civilization IV: Beyond the Sword, it focuses on economy and resource management and control, offering players the chance to secure their place in capitalist history. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. Holy Sites produce +2 Great Prophet Points per turn, up from +1. The Mapuche can take down civs in the peak of their power, but you need to be willing to react quickly as each era begins. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. Note these scores are a matter of personal opinion based on experiences with the Civilization. This raises the number of luxuries in the. Your start bias will usually place you near a few rainforests, and with 2 food and 2 production, they're pretty good tiles at the start of the game. 3. This Civ 6 Guide is for deity and unlike Civ 6 reddit, this is a video series on Vietnam led by Ba Trieu. Learn how to play against and against Gran Colombia, a fast-paced and unique civ in Civ 6 with a unique start bias, uniques, and victory skew. Japan can do a lot with little land and has great military potential, but also flexibility to other victory routes. No-one else can storm a coast as fast as the Danes, allowing them to take over capitals or strategic locations before the victim can respond. No other Civilization focuses so much on a single unit. This maturity helps your empire to support Legion conquests and from there hopefully become the dominant power in the world. This guide goes into plenty of detail about Austrian strategies, uniques and how to play against them. Zigzagzigal's Guides - Kongo (GS) By Zigzagzigal. His strategic brilliance and extensive military campaigns greatly expanded the Iranian empire, which earned him epithets such as "the second Alexander " and "the Napoleon of Persia. Rise and Fall Expansion. ‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‎See the. Settle your cities a bit close together, make optimal use of the govermental plaza for adjacency bonuses (if. This guide goes into plenty of detail about Moroccan strategies, uniques and how to play against them. Also, auto-theme on all full buildings that you fill with great works. Improved terrain shading layer so the coastline (and particularly around the rivers) looks neater. a. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. Sid Meier's Civilization VI > Guides > Zigzagzigal's Guides. Falchion Sep 2, 2020 @. He shared his kingship with Cativolcus, the elder leader of the tribe. Zigzagzigal's Guide to Mongolia (BNW) By Zigzagzigal. Zigzagzigal's Guides - Byzantium (GS) By Zigzagzigal. That aside, yeah I was pretty happy with playing Ghengis. Introduction. He plays and wins on Deity difficulty in Single Player and Multiplayer. Both civs get the eureka. 799. Nader Shah. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. This guide introduces all 43 Civs in the game with a quick rough outline of how to play as them, along with links to more in-depth guides. Zigzagzigal's Guides - Sumeria (R&F) By Zigzagzigal. Zigzagzigal [author] Nov 6, 2017 @ 2:26pm The method of building up a huge force first is definitely a good idea in. They are available with the Persia and Macedon Civilization & Scenario Pack, which was released on March 28,. Sid Meier's Civilization VI > Guides > Zigzagzigal's Guides. Even if you don’t get an adjacency pantheon you can pull +6 and above adjacency with farms. " Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt (27 October 1858 – 6 January 1919) was the 26th President of the United States, best known for his vigorous foreign policy that sought to turn the United States into an international great power, as well as for his progressive reforms and. Furthermore, it is written with the assumption you have all Civ 6 content released prior to the Leaders Pass: Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. Compact empires - Civs with cities close together (typically 3-4 tile gaps between city centres). 79 ratings. Complete information on start biases within the game can be found in the Civilizations. Zigzagzigal, love your guys, I keep. So I am finishing up the civ wiki entry for English Eleanor before the release of new stuffs and I found absolutely nothing positive about this combo. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. If a civilization is not listed as having a start bias. Back to Leaders (Civ6) "The throne is a glorious sepulchre. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. Zigzagzigal's Guides - Khmer (R&F) By Zigzagzigal. Sundiata Keita (c. Thankfully, you can use Spies to steal eureka boosts from other civs - something Wu Zetian is particularly strong at doing. A city with a deficit of 3 or 4 amenities is unhappy. The Egyptians' civilization ability is Iteru,. Rise and Fall Expansion. That also means you need to acquire tiles sooner as Ethiopia. The Mapuche can take down civs in the peak of their power, but you need to be willing to react quickly as each era begins. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. One of the world’s first civilizations, it rose to power between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. 19/34 civs have start biases compared to 33/43 in Civ 5. xml file (find the Civ 6 folder in Steam's program files, then go through the Base, Assets, Gameplay and Data folders to find the file). Hence, at the right moment, the Zulus are one of the game's deadliest warmongers. They also are excellent explorers and can make up for poor coastal production by scouting out and taking the best locations. 58 ratings. Rather than claiming land on a tile-by-tile basis, cities would expand the radius of their borders once they reached certain culture thresholds. 9 Find Luxury Resources Immediately. It covers various civ-specific tricks, secrets and. " Gilgamesh is the main character of the Epic of Gilgamesh, an Akkadian poem based on earlier Sumerian sources that is considered the oldest known work of literature in history, which describes him as the demigod king of the. Use just enough diplomatic points to one-up the second highest civ to net you 2 VPs each world congress. Duel-sized maps now have two continents by default, up from one. Back to Religion (Civ6) Beliefs are the practical expressions of the divine powers. The Huns fight and win very early on, and are great fun to play. Immunity to surprise wars always gives you at least five turns warning early in the game, allowing you to focus less on defences and more on expansion. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. It cannot be built on Snow or Snow Hills, and. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia.